What is diarrhea?
Diarrhea is an abrupt change in the
frequency and looseness of bowel movements
(BMs).
The passage of several loose stools
could be considered mild diarrhea while the
passage of multiple, watery stools could be
considered severe diarrhea. An important
determinant of the severity of diarrhea is
the consistency and frequency of
stools.
What causes diarrhea?
Diarrhea in children has many causes. The
most common cause is infection of the
intestinal lining (gastroenteritis).
Frequently viruses cause the infection but
bacteria and parasites may also be the
culprit. Many times children who are taking
antibiotics for infections (ear infections,
strep throat, etc.) may develop diarrhea as
a side effect. A food allergy may cause
loose frequent stools. In addition, a
child's diet may also contribute to the
development of diarrhea. Too much fruit
juice or a diet of nothing but clear fluids
for a few days can also be a cause of
diarrhea.
Is diarrhea dangerous?
The main complication from diarrhea is the
loss of too much fluid or
dehydration
. The signs of dehydration include a dry
mouth, the absence of tears, a decrease in
the amount of urine that is produced, more
concentrated urine, sunken eyes, and in
more serious cases lethargy. Fortunately
the majority of children with diarrhea do
not develop dehydration.
If your child
has diarrhea in combination with vomiting,
they are at greater risk for becoming
dehydrated
How long can diarrhea last?
Diarrhea can last several days to a week or
more depending on the cause. The length of
time a child has diarrhea can often be
independent of treatment. Do not expect a
quick return to normal bowel movements. On
average viral diarrhea lasts 3 to 7
days.
What is the treatment for diarrhea?
The treatment for diarrhea involves
replacing the fluids and nutrients that are
lost through the stool. In children and
infants with mild illness a normal diet can
be followed. Infants may continue their
normal diet of breast milk or formula and
solids. Special fluids such as
Pedialyteâ
or Infalyteâ
may be required to help replenish lost
fluids. Older children may continue to
drink cow's milk and continue their normal
diet. In addition to their regular diet,
older children may use sports drinks,
Kool-Aid and other fluids. Anti-diarrheal
medications are not necessary unless
prescribed by your pediatrician.
When should I call the doctor?
• If your child shows signs of
dehydration
(loss of too much fluid).
• If blood appears in your child's stool.
• If your child has a fever.
• If your child has diarrhea with vomiting.
• If blood appears in your child's stool.
• If your child has a fever.
• If your child has diarrhea with vomiting.
