What is diarrhea?

Diarrhea is an abrupt change in the frequency and looseness of bowel movements (BMs).
The passage of several loose stools could be considered mild diarrhea while the passage of multiple, watery stools could be considered severe diarrhea. An important determinant of the severity of diarrhea is the consistency and frequency of stools.

What causes diarrhea?

Diarrhea in children has many causes. The most common cause is infection of the intestinal lining (gastroenteritis). Frequently viruses cause the infection but bacteria and parasites may also be the culprit. Many times children who are taking antibiotics for infections (ear infections, strep throat, etc.) may develop diarrhea as a side effect. A food allergy may cause loose frequent stools. In addition, a child's diet may also contribute to the development of diarrhea. Too much fruit juice or a diet of nothing but clear fluids for a few days can also be a cause of diarrhea.

Is diarrhea dangerous?

The main complication from diarrhea is the loss of too much fluid or dehydration . The signs of dehydration include a dry mouth, the absence of tears, a decrease in the amount of urine that is produced, more concentrated urine, sunken eyes, and in more serious cases lethargy. Fortunately the majority of children with diarrhea do not develop dehydration. 

If your child has diarrhea in combination with vomiting, they are at greater risk for becoming dehydrated

How long can diarrhea last?

Diarrhea can last several days to a week or more depending on the cause. The length of time a child has diarrhea can often be independent of treatment. Do not expect a quick return to normal bowel movements. On average viral diarrhea lasts 3 to 7 days.


What is the treatment for diarrhea?

The treatment for diarrhea involves replacing the fluids and nutrients that are lost through the stool. In children and infants with mild illness a normal diet can be followed. Infants may continue their normal diet of breast milk or formula and solids. Special fluids such as Pedialyteâ or Infalyteâ may be required to help replenish lost fluids. Older children may continue to drink cow's milk and continue their normal diet. In addition to their regular diet, older children may use sports drinks, Kool-Aid and other fluids. Anti-diarrheal medications are not necessary unless prescribed by your pediatrician.


When should I call the doctor?

• If your child shows signs of dehydration (loss of too much fluid).
• If blood appears in your child's stool.
• If your child has a fever.
• If your child has diarrhea with vomiting.